Published on February 11, 2013 by Carol
Chief Joseph, of the Nez Perce
The southern branch of the Nez Perces led by Chief Joseph refused to give up their ancestral lands on the Oregon-Idaho border and enter a reservation. When negotiations broke down and Nez Perce hotheads killed settlers in early 1877, the 1st Cavalry was sent to compel them to come into the reservation. Chief Joseph chose to resist and undertook an epic retreat of some 1,600 miles through Idaho, Yellowstone Park, and Montana during which he engaged 11 separate commands of the Army in 13 battles and skirmishes in a period of 11 weeks. The Nez Perce chieftain revealed remarkable skill as a tactician and his braves demonstrated exceptional discipline in numerous engagements, especially those on the Clearwater River on July 11, in Big Hole Basin on August 9-12, and in the Bear Paw Mountains where he surrendered with the remnants of his band to Colonel Nelson Miles on October 4, 1877.
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Major General O. O. Howard, commander of the Department of the Columbia, and Colonel John Gibbon also played a prominent part in the pursuit of Joseph, which, by the end of September, 1877 had involved elements of the 1st, 2d, 5th, and 7th Cavalry, the 5th Infantry, and the 4th Artillery.
Bannock (1878) – The Bannock, Paiute, and other tribes of southern Idaho threatened rebellion in 1878, partly because of dissatisfaction with their land allotments. Many of them left the reservations, and Regulars of the 21st Infantry, 4th Artillery, and 1st Cavalry pursued the fugitives. Captain Evan Miles so effectively dispersed a large band near the Umatilla Agency on July 13, 1878 that most of the Indians returned to their reservations within a few months.
The Sheepeaters, mountain sheep hunters and outcasts of other Idaho tribes, raided ranches and mines in 1879. Relentless pursuit by elements of the 1st Cavalry and 2d Infantry compelled them to surrender in September of that year.
Source: Legendsofamerica
Based on the collective work of NativeAmericanEncyclopedia.com, © 2013 Native American Encyclopedia.
Cite This Source | Link To Military Campaigns of the Indian Wars: Nez Perce – 1877
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url = {http://nativeamericanencyclopedia.com/military-campaigns-the-indian-wars-nez-perce-1877/},
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